Lipolysis

Lipolysis is the process by which your body breaks down stored fat into smaller molecules that can be used for energy. It happens when you consume fewer calories than you burn, such as during fasting, exercise, or calorie restriction. This is the fundamental mechanism behind fat loss.

Lipolysis is the enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides stored in adipocytes into glycerol and free fatty acids, primarily catalysed by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). The process is regulated by catecholamines (stimulatory via β-adrenergic receptors) and insulin (inhibitory), with free fatty acids released into the circulation for β-oxidation in peripheral tissues.

Understanding lipolysis helps patients appreciate why sustainable weight loss requires a consistent caloric deficit — not spot reduction or quick fixes. Dr. Joseph Wang uses this knowledge to design evidence-based weight management plans that target metabolic pathways rather than unsustainable extremes.